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Uncertainty Demands Better Questions, Not Faster Answers

Three public conversations have stayed with me because they were both controversial and revealing.One concerned GLP-1 agonists. Medications developed for diabetes that moved rapidly into the public imagination as treatments for obesity. Almost overnight, their use became a subject of speculation and moral positioning. People volunteered whether they had “never taken Ozempic” as if it were a declaration of character. Medical privacy thinned. Prevention was discounted. Motive was questioned.The other conversation concerned work.Hybrid working was introduced at scale through necessity. In many organisations, it functioned better than expected. Productivity held, absenteeism fell, commuting times disappeared and new ways of collaborating emerged. Once the immediate crisis passed, the dominant narrative shifted. Hybrid was reframed as an exception, a pause from normality. The benefits were rarely examined with the same seriousness as the perceived costs.At the same time, a third conversation accelerated rapidly. Artificial intelligence. New, unproven at organisational scale, capital-intensive but already reshaping hiring decisions, particularly at the entry level. Here, urgency is replacing caution and investment is flowing quickly. Questions about downstream effects are emerging, but also being deferred.At first glance, these stories do not belong together. They trigger a particular discomfort. The kind that appears when different decisions are evaluated by different standards, despite comparable levels of uncertainty.Suffering as a Gatekeeper: The GLP-1 AsymmetryWe know that smoking causes lung cancer. The evidence is overwhelming. When someone develops lung cancer, we do not interrogate their past behaviour before offering treatment. We do not ask whether they “deserve” treatment. We do not speculate publicly about how long they smoked or whether they tried hard enough to quit. Their privacy is protected and care is delivered. Alongside treatment, as a society, we invest heavily in smoking-cessation programmes, public-health warnings, taxation on tobacco products and smoke-free spaces.Now contrast this with GLP-1 agonists.Obesity is a recognised risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. GLP-1s reduce appetite, improve glycaemic control and lower future risk. They are prescribed under medical supervision, monitored and associated with reductions in population-level disease burden.Yet their use attracts disproportionate levels of scrutiny. The general public feel entitled to speculate about who is using them and why. Patients conceal treatment to avoid judgement. Medication has been reframed as “cheating.” The question is not “does this reduce risk?” but “has this person earned the right to not be fat shamed?”Here is the asymmetry, stated plainly. Suffering for obese patients is expected. Diet and exercise should hurt. Social judgement should motivate change. GLP-1s disrupt that logic. They make it possible to reduce weight without visible suffering, thus breaching the moral contract with society.HIV is one of the few other illnesses where similar logic has operated. Treatment was once morally conditional on how the illness was acquired. Only when HIV was reframed as a public-health issue rather than a moral failure did investment in research and care become non-negotiable.Obesity has not yet made that transition.Reversibility Versus Control: The Hybrid and AI AsymmetryThe same pattern appears in organisations. Hybrid working was implemented rapidly, across sectors and geographies, under conditions of global duress and minimal preparation. It altered long-standing assumptions about presence, supervision and productivity. It redistributed autonomy toward employees. It also generated something rare in management: a large-scale, real-world experiment.From a strategic perspective, hybrid work had several defining features. It required little capital investment, it was highly reversible and it produced vast amounts of live data. The downside of being wrong was real and may have been destabilising, but hybrid working did not hard-wire organisations into irreversible structural commitments. If leaders chose to redesign, rather than retreat, the core systems of the organisation remained intact.Once the immediate crisis passed, many organisations rolled it back without serious post-analysis precisely because it could be abandoned without forcing a structural reckoning. The question was “how do we return to normal?” not “what did we learn?”Now contrast that with the decision to replace early-career hiring with AI. Early-career roles are how organisations build future capability. They are where people learn how decisions are made, how culture is transmitted, how judgement is formed and how institutional knowledge accumulates.When those roles are removed, the change looks efficient, costs fall, outputs remain stable, senior teams continue to function. Over time, talent pipelines thin, future leadership cohorts are never formed, the informal knowledge of employees evaporates. Instead of learning by doing, organisations become increasingly dependent on external systems, vendors and tools they do not fully control. By the time these effects become visible, they are difficult to reverse.Organisations cannot rehire a cohort that was never trained. A cultural knowledge that was never absorbed cannot be recreated. Structural capability gaps cannot be quickly repaired.These two cases illustrate a critical strategic distinction. Some decisions create visible disruption in the short term while preserving an organisation’s ability to adapt. Others feel smooth and efficient at first, but quietly remove future options.Despite this difference, the dominant narrative around AI is urgency. Leaders speak openly about fear of being left behind. Investment decisions of extraordinary magnitude are justified by inevitability rather than evidence. Questions about long-term capability, learning and resilience are raised, then deferred.The asymmetry is consistent. A human-centred, reversible change attracts scepticism and moral framing. A system-centred, low-reversibility change is treated as strategic necessity.What Strategy Teaches About UncertaintyWhen causal relationships are unclear and data is incomplete, organisations stabilise themselves through familiar decision patterns.Decision-making shifts toward narrative coherence. Leaders construct stories that make sense of ambiguity, align with cultural expectations and confer legitimacy. These narratives provide psychological and organisational stability when forecasts are unreliable and causal chains are contested.Uncertainty is compressed into single trajectories that feel decisive and inevitable where confidence substitutes for calibration. Decisions are evaluated by visible outcomes rather than the quality of the assumptions, options and trade-offs embedded in the process.Value is inferred from effort. Visible struggle, sacrifice, or endurance signals seriousness and commitment. Risk reduction, preventative action or invisible optimisation carries less weight when it lacks symbolic force.Scrutiny follows power. Decisions that shift autonomy downward to employees, patients or individuals are examined through moral and cultural lenses. Decisions that concentrate control upward toward systems, capital or central authority are framed as strategic imperatives and progress with limited challenge.These dynamics emerge reliably in conditions of uncertainty where causal clarity is low, feedback loops are delayed and the consequences of error are unevenly distributed over time.What an Alternative Actually Looks LikeIn uncertain environments, waiting for perfect information is not a strategy but neither is mistaking urgency for clarity. Strategy under uncertainty is therefore clearly not about choosing the “right” decision but about designing a sequence of moves that allows an organisation to advance while learning, adapting and limiting irreversible damage.This means accepting an uncomfortable truth. Uncertainty rarely presents good options. Leaders are often forced to act among imperfect, even unpalatable, choices. The strategic task is to reshape the landscape of what becomes possible next. How reversible is this step? What assumptions are we making? Who carries the downside if we are wrong? What new options does this action create?Seen through this lens, hybrid work is not a cultural deviation to be corrected. It is an opportunity to design new ways of working, test assumptions about productivity and trust and refine models before committing further. Its failure is not operational but analytical. Too many organisations are closing the experiment without extracting the learning.Similarly, AI adoption does not demand hesitation, but it does demand structure. The risk is not speed but in treating high-commitment, low-reversibility decisions as if they are easily undone, while deferring clarity about what evidence would justify slowing down, changing course or stopping altogether.Good strategy also chooses where failure is allowed to occur. It is there that leadership earns its name.Further ReadingThis reflection draws on ideas from strategy and decision-making literature that examines how leaders act when evidence is incomplete, outcomes are uncertain and the cost of error is unevenly distributed.Courtney, H., Kirkland, J., & Viguerie, P. Strategy Under Uncertainty. Harvard Business Review. A foundational framework for making strategic choices when the future cannot be reliably predicted.Mankins, M., & Gottfredson, M. Strategy-Making in Turbulent Times. Harvard Business Review. Explores strategy as a continuous, option-creating process rather than a fixed plan in volatile environments.Kahneman, D., Lovallo, D., & Sibony, O. Before You Make That Big Decision. Harvard Business Review / MIT Sloan Management Review. Examines how bias, noise and premature closure distort judgement in high-stakes decisions.Kahneman, D., Lovallo, D., & Sibony, O. A Structured Approach to Strategic Decisions. MIT Sloan Management Review. Argues for disciplined decision architecture when intuition and confidence are unreliable guides.Cosier, R., & Schwenk, C. Agreement and Thinking Alike: Ingredients for Poor Decisions. Academy of Management Executive. A classic critique of consensus-seeking and moral comfort in strategic decision-making.Eapen, T., Finkenstadt, D., Folk, J., & Venkataswamy, L. How Generative AI Can Augment Human Creativity. Harvard Business Review. Offers a counterpoint to cost-only narratives by framing AI as an option-expanding tool rather than a simple labour substitute.

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Clinically Unremarkable: Noticing What Didn’t Go Wrong

Leadership, like parenting, is mostly preventive. And preventive work is thankless.We celebrate cures. We notice intervention. We thank people when something dramatic is fixed, rescued or reversed. We rarely acknowledge the work that stops harm from happening in the first place.Donald Henderson, the epidemiologist who led the global eradication of smallpox, once remarked that he had never been thanked for that work. Millions of lives were saved. Entire futures were uninterrupted. Yet the impact remained largely invisible. There was no individual moment of rescue. No single patient who could point to a before and after.Much of a patient’s experience of care centres on visible intervention. When you or a loved one survives a life-threatening illness or undergoes a complex procedure, gratitude has somewhere to land. The benefit is immediate, personal and tangible.We are good at recognising what we can see. We struggle to notice harm that did not occur.That distinction has stayed with me because I recognise it in both parenting and leadership.I have never felt comfortable taking credit for my children’s successes. When they do well, it feels like their work. Their effort. Their decisions. At most, I was present, cheering from the sidelines.Failure feels different.When something goes wrong, when a child struggles, lashes out or falls short, my attention turns inward. I think about the environment they were in. The signals they were receiving. The things I assumed were fine because no one was raising an alarm.Credit drifts away from me. Responsibility settles closer.I see this most clearly in my son’s experience with school. From early on, he was curious and energetic. At times, deeply bored. Some school environments met that with curiosity of their own. Others responded with labels. Over time, behaviour became the dominant way he was understood. Meetings followed. Narratives formed. His “reputation” often arrived before he did.At home, he was engaged and inquisitive. At school, he was increasingly treated as a problem to be managed.Eventually, we moved him. He made friends. His energy was interpreted differently. His needs were better understood. A great deal of difficulty was avoided through a shift in environment.I still find myself asking why I did not move him sooner? Not in a spirit of self-blame, but with an awareness of how easily one defers when those in authority sound assured. How persuasive it is to be told that a situation is being handled. How hard it is to act preventively when the alternative outcomes remain theoretical rather than visible.That pattern repeats in leadership.Someone close to me once remarked that, in his role, almost everything that reaches him arrives as a problem. Complaints surface. Risks are escalated. What is working rarely announces itself. If he were to take that flow of information at face value, he might assume that everything is perpetually on the brink.Instead, he has learned to read the absence of noise differently. To recognise that many things are holding precisely because someone is paying attention, outside the spotlight, without recognition.It is hard to notice what is missing.When outcomes are attributed entirely to oneself, attention swings like a pendulum between credit and blame. Success feels inflated. Failure feels heavy. The pendulum never quite comes to rest and there is little space to observe what is holding steady.A more neutral stance refines attention. The problem that did not escalate can come into focus. The calm that prevailed.Personalising credit or failure amplifies the swing. Evenly held responsibility allows things to be seen as they are.And that is what clinically unremarkable really describes. Not the absence of pathology, but the presence of enough care, balance and attention that nothing remarkable needed to happen at all. Wellness prevailed.

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Designing A Life That Works: ITERATE

This piece is part of a ClariT series of essays that draws on the core ideas from Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans. Their work introduces a design-thinking approach to life decisions, and in this series I explore those ideas through a coaching lens, turning them into practical reflections you can apply. These essays are not interpretations of the book rather than summaries. Each one stands alone, but they do progress and build creating a cycle. The best way to approach them is with curiosity. Pause where something resonates. Try the small step offered at the end. Let the ideas meet the reality of your own life.Learning As You GoFear of failure is one of the most reliable ways to stay exactly where you are. It narrows your options, magnifies risk and makes experimentation feel dangerous.Designers expect failure, not because they are careless but because they know that every iteration brings insight. A failed prototype is data. It tells you where to adjust, what to drop and crucially what to try next.Failure immunity is not about becoming fearless but about reducing the consequences of mistakes so that experimentation becomes safe again.Most adults forget that they once learned everything through failure. Walking, talking…none of these skills were polished on the first attempt. They were shaped through thousands of tiny corrections. Life design follows the same principle.Expect to fail and don’t treat yourself harshly. Instead treat yourself with patience and try again.A question for youWhere in your life have you been waiting for perfection before beginning?A small stepChoose one area where you will allow a “first draft” version of progress. Let it be imperfect. Let it teach you.

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Designing A Life That Works: TEST

This piece is part of a ClariT series of essays that draws on the core ideas from Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans. Their work introduces a design-thinking approach to life decisions, and in this series I explore those ideas through a coaching lens, turning them into practical reflections you can apply. These essays are not interpretations of the book rather than summaries. Each one stands alone, but they do progress and build creating a cycle. The best way to approach them is with curiosity. Pause where something resonates. Try the small step offered at the end. Let the ideas meet the reality of your own life.Expanding Your OptionsPeople often feel overwhelmed by decisions not because they choose poorly, but because the options in front of them are too narrow and when the frame is tight, everything feels high-stakes.Design thinking teaches that good choices start with a wide field of possibilities. Once the field is wide, patterns appear. Some paths feel hollow, some feel energising, some feel surprisingly familiar, as if they have been waiting for you.  Thus from here, choosing becomes lighter and clearer.A good life is rarely built from one dramatic decision. It is built from a series of aligned choices. Choices informed by curiosity, values and honest self-awareness. A question for youAre you making a decision from a place of scarcity or possibility?A small stepWrite down three different paths you could take in the next three years. Notice what each one awakens in you.

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Designing A Life That Works: PROTOTYPE

This piece is part of a ClariT series of essays that draws on the core ideas from Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans. Their work introduces a design-thinking approach to life decisions, and in this series I explore those ideas through a coaching lens, turning them into practical reflections you can apply. These essays are not interpretations of the book rather than summaries. Each one stands alone, but they do progress and build creating a cycle. The best way to approach them is with curiosity. Pause where something resonates. Try the small step offered at the end. Let the ideas meet the reality of your own life.Prototyping Your FutureMost people try to solve their lives in their heads. They imagine the perfect plan. The perfect job. The perfect decision.But there are questions that only experiences can answer.This is why designers prototype. They test possibilities through small, low-cost, low-risk experiments. These experiments can look like a conversation, a shadowing day even a small project or ten minutes of trying something new.A prototype is not a commitment. It is information. It tells you what a future might feel like without requiring you to live it.This approach reduces fear. You cannot ruin your life with a prototype. At worst, you learn something useful. At best, you open a door you did not know was there.Prototyping turns vague ideas into tangible signals. You discover what fits and what does not. You stop guessing. and start experiencing.A question for youWhat is one possibility you have been circling but never testing? A small stepDesign a simple prototype you can complete within the next two weeks.

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Designing A Life That Works: IDEATE

This piece is part of a ClariT series of essays that draws on the core ideas from Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans. Their work introduces a design-thinking approach to life decisions, and in this series I explore those ideas through a coaching lens, turning them into practical reflections you can apply. These essays are not interpretations of the book rather than summaries. Each one stands alone, but they do progress and build creating a cycle. The best way to approach them is with curiosity. Pause where something resonates. Try the small step offered at the end. Let the ideas meet the reality of your own life.Paying Attention To The CluesLife design begins with curiosity not certainty. Certainty is a luxury people often wait for. Curiosity is available immediately.Wayfinding is the art of following clues. What energises you? What irritates you? What brings you a moment of flow? What leaves you strangely flat? These clues appear in ordinary days. You do not need a dramatic revelation.Most people miss their clues because they are focused on perfection. They move through their days in a straight line but clarity arrives unscheduled. In conversation. In a small task. In a feeling of “this matters more than I expected.”Think of wayfinding as listening to your life. Even when the signals feel faint.You will not know the destination. You do not need to. Designers move by noticing what feels alive and taking the next step in that direction. Then they look again.Clarity emerges from motion.A question for youWhat gave you energy in the past week?A small stepKeep a short daily note for one week. Record one moment of energy and one moment of depletion. Patterns reveal themselves quickly.

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Designing A Life That Works: DEFINE

This piece is part of a ClariT series of essays that draws on the core ideas from Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans. Their work introduces a design-thinking approach to life decisions, and in this series I explore those ideas through a coaching lens, turning them into practical reflections you can apply. These essays are not interpretations of the book rather than summaries. Each one stands alone, but they do progress and build creating a cycle. The best way to approach them is with curiosity. Pause where something resonates. Try the small step offered at the end. Let the ideas meet the reality of your own life.Reframing Stuck StoriesWhen people feel stuck, it is almost never because they lack intelligence, discipline or opportunity. More often, they are carrying a story that feels true but is limiting their choices.Design thinking calls these “dysfunctional beliefs.” Coaching simply calls them assumptions. They sound like this.“I’m is too old to learn something new.”“I need more experience to know how to handle this.”“I should have more to show for my life at this stage.”These stories are powerful because they feel true. Many have been repeated by people we trust. Some come from fear. Some from habit. Some from kindness that was misunderstood.Reframing is not positive thinking or “looking on the bright side.” It is a skill. A way of loosening the grip of a rigid self-limiting beliefs so that new options become possible.A useful place to begin is with some factual questions. Is this belief universally true? Has it been true for everyone you know? What would your best friend say? What would your younger self say? Once the edges soften, even slightly, you have room to consider other explanations, interpretations and choices.Reframing restores movement where your mind had unconsciously placed a wall.A question for youWhat belief has felt heavy lately? If it were only fifty per cent true instead of one hundred, what might change?A small stepWrite down one stuck story. Then write down three alternative explanations that could also be true.

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Designing A Life That Works: OBSERVE

This piece is part of a ClariT series of essays that draws on the core ideas from Designing Your Life by Bill Burnett and Dave Evans. Their work introduces a design-thinking approach to life decisions, and in this series I explore those ideas through a coaching lens, turning them into practical reflections you can apply. These essays are not interpretations of the book rather than summaries. Each one stands alone, but they do progress and build creating a cycle. The best way to approach them is with curiosity. Pause where something resonates. Try the small step offered at the end. Let the ideas meet the reality of your own life.Start Where You AreMost of us try to make decisions from the future. We imagine where we should be by now, or what a “better” version of us would do. Yet life rarely unfolds from aspiration. It begins from reality. Honest, unpolished, imperfect reality.Burnett and Evans describe four simple gauges: work, play, love and health. They call it a dashboard. I think of it as a quiet check-in. Not a performance review. Not a judgement. Just an honest look at how your life is working today.You do not need long explanations. A score from zero to ten is often enough.Where is there ease. Where is there friction.This is not about blame. It is awareness. Awareness gives you clarity. Clarity opens your options.For many people, the surprise is not the low scores. It is the realisation that they have been tolerating those scores for years. Not because they must. But because they stopped noticing.A dashboard gives you a starting point. From here, you can design.A question for youWhich area wants your attention. Not the area you should improve. The one that asks for care.A small stepChoose one score you would like to shift by even one point. Ask yourself. What is the smallest action that would make that possible this week?

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What Color Is Your Parachute: Petal 7 – The Shape Of Your Role

This article is part of a seven-part series inspired by What Color Is Your Parachute?, Richard Bolles’ classic guide to finding work that fits who you are. In his “Flower Exercise”, each petal represents one element of a fulfilling career: the skills you love using, the people you work best with, the environment that helps you thrive, your values, interests, geography and preferred level of responsibility. You can start anywhere or follow the series as each article stands alone, but together they form a single flower.The final petal of the Flower Exercise concerns the shape of your role. It invites you to reflect on how much responsibility you want, what kind of recognition you value and what level of income you consider fair and sustainable.Salary, responsibility and title are often the most visible measures of success, yet they are also the least personal. This petal is about defining what enough means for you. It is about finding the balance between ambition and peace of mind.Redefining SuccessMuch of my life has been shaped by responsibility, but not always the kind that comes with titles. For years, it was about meeting expectations set by others. As a child, that meant doing well at school. As a young doctor, it meant showing up, working hard and doing more than was asked. Later, it became about care. My daughter’s medical needs brought a different kind of responsibility, one that was constant, personal and impossible to hand over to someone else.At different stages, I stepped back from paid work, but I never stopped working. When I could not be in full-time employment, I went back to university. I studied new subjects, gained new qualifications and kept my professional skills alive. Each return to work meant starting again, often overqualified and underestimated, but I learned how to rebuild credibility from the ground up. Those years taught me resilience and the discipline of beginning again with purpose.Now, responsibility feels different. It is no longer about proving that I can carry more, but about choosing what I want to carry. My work today is varied and meaningful. I do it because it fits the life I have built around care, learning and contribution. Financial reward matters, but only when it represents fairness and respect. What I value most is the freedom to decide how my time is used, and the ability to make choices that honour both the people I care for and the person I continue to become.How aligned are your role, your level of responsibility and the way you are rewarded for your work? Which of these feel most in tune with your values, and which might need to shift for you to feel truly fulfilled? What balance of responsibility, recognition and reward feels fair and fulfilling for the life you are living today?Understanding the Shape That Fits YouAs my understanding of responsibility has evolved, I have also realised that not everyone defines success in the same way. Bolles suggested that we all have a preferred “size” of role. Some people thrive in high-visibility positions with broad accountability and complex decision-making. Others prefer specialist or advisory roles where they can focus deeply without managing large teams. Neither path is better; they simply reflect different instincts and rhythms.Research in organisational psychology supports this variety. Studies by Hackman and Oldham, and more recently by Parker and colleagues, show that autonomy, scope and clarity of responsibility strongly influence engagement and satisfaction, but the balance that feels right varies between individuals. The International Labour Organization also notes that work design and the degree of independence available to employees differ across countries and sectors, shaped by culture, opportunity and infrastructure. Together, these findings remind us that there is no single template for success. The modern workforce holds enough diversity in structure, pace and recognition to suit many different people.For me, Petal 7 is about recognising that alignment. The right level of responsibility is one that allows me to stay engaged without losing balance, to feel valued without being defined by a title or a salary. Work has meaning when effort, recognition and reward are in proportion to the life that holds them.Think back to the roles where you did your best work. Notice the breadth, depth, visibility, autonomy, accountability and expertise each required. Reflect on where you felt most energised and where you felt conflicted, whether through growth or misalignment. What patterns emerge in the roles that have brought out your best, and what have you learned from the ones that were less successful?Ambition and ContentmentAmbition still matters, but I see it differently now. There are seasons to grow and seasons to steady yourself, times to stretch out of your comfort zone and times to pivot or pursue a different direction. Growth does not always mean taking on more; sometimes it means reflecting on whether your destination and values are still aligned.I have seen people step away from senior roles on retirement to focus on mentoring or consulting and find renewed satisfaction in doing so. Their decision was not about retreat but about new discoveries. Knowing when to stretch and when to pause takes maturity and self-awareness. It is the wisdom to recognise what your life can hold at that moment. It frees you to choose opportunities that serve your values rather than your ego and to measure success by fit.When you look at your current role, does it feel aligned with the life you are living today? Is it offering you the challenge to stretch, the steadiness to recover, or the balance to sustain you?A Question for ReflectionPicture Petal 7, The Shape Of Your Role, as simple triangle. At the base, write what you need to feel secure.  These are your non-negotiables, such as fair pay, clear expectations or a healthy balance between work and life. In the middle, note what you would like to have.  These are things that can shift depending on your time and circumstance, such as opportunities to pause or grow, recognition or a voice in decisions that matter. At the top, write what would be ideal but not essential, the things that would enrich your work if circumstances allowed.Step back and look at what you have written. What does it reveal about your priorities?  Which parts belong firmly in the base and which can move as your life changes? ReferencesBolles RN. What Color Is Your Parachute? A Practical Manual for Job-Hunters and Career-Changers. 2022 ed. New York: Ten Speed Press; 2022.Hackman JR, Oldham GR. Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1976;16(2):250–79.Parker SK, Knight C, Ohly S. Designing work that works in the contemporary world: Future directions for job design research. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 2020;7:73–102. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012119-044933.Humphrey SE, Nahrgang JD, Morgeson FP. Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2007;92(5):1332–56.International Labour Organization. Working from home: From invisibility to decent work. Geneva: ILO; 2020.

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